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| São Paulo is a Clemenceau class aircraft carrier of the Brazilian Navy, formerly the French Foch. It was built in 1957 and was purchased from France in 2000. |
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| FS2004/No available | |
| JRLucariny FSDS V3 model | |
| Coleção particular | |
| Fev/2008 | |
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Background |
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Out of the nine countries (Brazil, France, India, Italy, Russia, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States) that currently possess aircraft carriers or amphibious assault vessels equipped with flight decks, only four (Brazil, France, USA, and Russia) possess embarked aircraft of conventional type (CTOL), while the other five operate STOL/VTOL aircraft only.
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The old French Foch was bought to replace the aged Minas Gerais at a bargain price of $12 million USD in 2000, no aircraft included. The government had already purchased a flotilla of used A-4 Skyhawk fighters from Kuwait for US$70 million. The A-4s have rockets, free fall bombs and Sidewinder air-to-air missiles as armament, but the São Paulo currently serves mainly to train pilots to fly carrier operations.
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President Fernando Henrique Cardoso noted during the transfer ceremony that "The transference of the Ship-Aerodrome São Paulo to the Operative Sector of the Navy adds to our naval power an important magnification in its ability of defense of the Brazilian interests at sea. A country as ours, possessing an extensive coast, with more than 7 thousand kilometers of coast, requires a naval power compatible with its stature in the international scene.
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Today, as before, Brazil is concerned about implementing concrete measures that offer the nation the guarantee of respect to its sovereignty. We are and we will always be a nation that fights for the peace, however, that does not mean being able to do without modern Armed Forces, enabled and endowed with adequate dissuasive potential. Few countries, even today, have the capacity to operate with efficiency in the high seas. It is important that Brazil continues to be one of them."
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Since its construction, the ship has received multiple upgrades over the years, leaving it with a diverse range of technologies. In its current form, it is expected to remain effective in its role for the foreseeable future, though further modernization efforts are expected as it is converted into a combat ready vessel. Twenty-three A-4 Skyhawk have been acquired (assigned AF-1) to compose the fighter-bomber group of São Paulo, together with the existing helicopters already in the national defense inventory. Its transference consolidates the operational capacity of Brazil's deployed fixed wing force.
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History
The aircraft carrier São Paulo was constructed in France from 1957 to 1960. It served the French Navy as Foch. Its purchase by the Brazilian government in September 2000 while still operational was an unknown process for a ship of this caliber, and it was received by the Brazilian Navy in only two months and fifteen days and incorporated on November 15, 2000. The incorporation of São Paulo and the AF-1 to the Navy of Brazil realized a long-held goal of being able to carry through the aerial defense of the naval forces with fixed wing aircraft. In the first three years of service as São Paulo, the ship completed several missions, some in foreign waters (particularly Operations ARAEX [2] and TEMPEREX, which is annually used to qualify and train Super Etendards and S-2T Turbo Trackers of the Argentine Navy) and is currently working to remain operational while the military faces budget cuts? |
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Crew
Its crew consists of approximately 1,400 sailors (90 officers and 1,320 enlisted). This number can be raised to 2000 men, given the composition of the Onboard Aerial Detachment(DAE), in accordance with the varied nature of the missions that Task Force will be used for. It is actively used for the qualification and re-qualification of rotary and fixed-wing pilots (with about 500 catapult launches) and the first Brazilian exercises to practice carrier-based attack missions. |
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Career
Name: São Paulo Launched: 1959 by France Commissioned: November 15, 2000 Fate: Active in service as of 2007 |
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Class and type:
Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier Displacement: 24,200 tonnes 32,800 tonnes (full load) Length: 265 metres (870 ft) Beam: 31.7 metres (104 ft) Draught: 8.60 metres (28.2 ft) Propulsion: 6 Indret boilers, 4 steam turbines producing 126,000 hp, 2 propellers Speed: 32 knots (59 km/h) Range: 7,500 nautical miles (13,900 km) at 18 knots |
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Complement:
1,338 men (1,920 including the air group). 984 men if only helicopters are carried. Electronic warfare and decoys: DRBV-23B air sentry radar DRBV-50 low-altitude or surface sentry radar (later replaced by a DRBV-15) NRBA-50 approach radar DRBI-10 tri-dimensional air sentry radar several DRBC-31 fire radar (later DRBC-32C) DRBN-34 navigation radars Armament: four 100 mm turrets, two SACP Crotale EDIR systems, five 12.7 mm machine guns Aircraft carried: about 40 aircraft, a mixture of A-4KU Skyhawks, AS 532 SC Cougars, HB 350 & HB.355 Ecureuils, and SH-3 Sea Kings. Link |
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A-12 NAe São Paulo |
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Possui um total de 22 radares/antenas, incluindo os de auxílio ao pouso, antenas de GPS (Sistema de Posicionamento Global), antenas de HF, VHF, UHF, SW, Globalstar, etc. Constantemente as equipes de Meteorologia recebem informações atualizadas das redes da Marinha, INCAER e do INPE, sobre condições meteorológicas, marítimas, navegação, etc.
Com um avançado sistema tecnológico de auxílio aos pousos, o NAe São Paulo, é o único Porta-Aviões da América Latina a possuir um sistema similar ao VASIS dos aeroportos totalmente controlado por computador. |
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Na chamada Ponte de Comando, ou Passadiço, é onde são dadas todas as ordens de operação do Navio, pois é lá que ficam o Comandante do Navio (atualmente um militar com o posto de Capitão de Mar-e-Guerra), e também é de lá que partem as autorizações de pousos e decolagens (lançamentos) das aeronaves embarcadas.
Um fato interessante que podemos destacar é a de que o Prático (o "piloto" do navio) fica em uma sala, ao fundo do Passadiço, e não possui qualquer tipo de janela ou escotilha que o permita visualizar o que se passar ao redor, pois todas as instruções de manobra partem do comandante a bordo, através de comunicadores. Através de um total de 35 instrumentos, incluindo medidores de velocidade do vento, higrômetros, termômetros, anemômetros, o oficial de controle do tráfego passa as informações aos operadores de pista e aos pilotos sobre as condições de aeronavegabilidade do navio. |
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Para o pouso, encontram-se instalados sobre o convôo, 3 cabos de aço de bitola aproximada de 13 cm, que se prendem ao gancho da cauda da aeronave, fazendo com que ela desacelere e pare nos 257m de comprimento do convés principal. Caso o piloto sinta (e recebe ao mesmo tempo sinalização visual dos oficiais de pista) que o gancho não prendeu, ele executa o procedimento de arremetida, uma vez que a aeronave vem com potência total para pouso.
Características do Navio Dimensões: 267m de Comprimento; 52m de boca e 8,2m de calado (parte do navio que fica submersa); Hangar: Aprox. 180m, com capacidade de transportar até 40 aeronaves, sendo 37 de asa fixa e 3 de asas rotativas, 2 elevadores externos, capazes de erguer uma carga de até 30 toneladas; Propulsão: 6 caldeiras francesas La Valle, com capacidade de produzir um empuxo de 130.000 shp, o que o faz navegar até uma velocidade máxima de 32 nós (velocidade de cruzeiro de 14 nós); Sistema Elétrico: 14.000 kW de potência, que alimentam desde os sistemas de refrigeração e pressurização aos sistemas de acoplamento dos motores e eixos. Link |